برچسب: Knowledge

  • Randi Weingarten: Trump’s War on Knowledge

    Randi Weingarten: Trump’s War on Knowledge


    Randi Weingarten is president of the American Federation of Teachers. She is my friend.

    Randi wrote:

    President Donald Trump has declared war on America’s colleges and universities, demanding they bow to his demands on what they can teach and whom they can admit or hire. Trump’s illegal and autocratic actions are tantamount to a war on knowledge intended to force schools to bend the knee to his ideology and chill free speech and academic pursuit.

    Weingarten announcing a lawsuit to stop the federal funding cuts at Columbia University.
    Weingarten announcing a lawsuit to stop the federal funding cuts at Columbia University. CREDIT: AFT

    Trump says much of his attack on higher education is in response to antisemitism on campuses. Without a doubt, there was antisemitism before the heinous actions by Hamas on Oct. 7 and the ensuing war, and it has grown since. We need to address antisemitism on campus and ensure Jewish students, and all students, feel safe. But Trump is weaponizing antisemitism investigations to attack disfavored speech and stoke culture wars, distrust and division, and to undermine higher education as a bulwark of democracy and an engine of our economy. It’s wrong, antidemocratic and unconstitutional. The administration is using Jews as an excuse to disappear students who are here legally, with immigration officials arresting and attempting to deport students who have committed no crimes—without due process, a linchpin of American democracy.

    This may help Trump’s aim to divide Americans, but it won’t make campuses safer for Jewish students or answer the real issues around antisemitism. That’s one reason that a coalition of Jewish organizations released a statement saying that Trump’s actions make Jewish students and the Jewish community less safe.

    Trump has launched investigations into dozens of colleges and universities and stripped billions in research grants from schools. The administration has issued demands ranging from direct government oversight of academic programs—or in the case of Columbia University, oversight of the whole institution—to dictating disciplinary policies and controlling hiring decisions. It is targeting students for exercising their First Amendment rights, and revoking visas for faculty and staff. The administration’s intent is to remake America’s higher education system in its image through blunt force.

    The freedom to pursue knowledge, the freedom of expression and the freedom of speech are fundamental American rights that are foundational to a functioning democracy. America’s public schools, colleges and universities cultivate the exploration of knowledge and free expression and empower students to become engaged citizens. One of their hallmarks is that they are a marketplace of ideas where free and open discussion and disagreement is encouraged. That is enabled by ensuring our education institutions are independent from government control or coercion. When a government asserts control over what can be taught, thought or said, democracy itself is at risk.

    The free pursuit of knowledge empowers Americans.

    Stripping research and innovation funding to force compliance will hurt America’s competitiveness and help our adversaries outpace us in technological and other advancements. America’s university research and innovation centers have long been the envy of the world. The federal government, through federal agencies and grants, is a fundamental powerhouse and supporter of health, scientific, technology and other research. The U.S. is the world leader in this research—research that the private sector cannot and will not do on its own and that leads to discoveries, innovations, cures and advances that benefit the common good and move our society forward. Colleges and universities are also anchors of their local communities, supporting local jobs and small businesses, providing community gathering spaces, and growing industries tied to university research and innovation. 

    This war on knowledge and expression must be opposed in the courts, on the streets, and by our colleges and universities.

    As the largest union of higher education staff and faculty, the AFT joined our affiliate, the American Association of University Professors, to sue the Trump administration on behalf of our members for unlawfully cutting millions in federal funding for public health research at Columbia.

    Last week, Harvard University boldly rejected Trump’s unlawful and unprecedented demands for government control over it. Harvard’s president wrote that “no government … should dictate what private universities can teach, whom they can admit and hire, and which areas of study and inquiry they can pursue.”

    Americans have also taken to the streets to oppose this war on knowledge and freedoms. The attacks on higher education were a major focus of the April 5 Hands Off actions that mobilized tens of thousands of Americans across the country to reject Trump’s chaotic and cruel agenda.

    The free pursuit and availability of knowledge empowers Americans, strengthens our economy and democracy, and is foundational for opportunity. That’s why we all must take a stand against this war on knowledge.



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  • PBL Project Design Focus on Content Knowledge and Skills

    PBL Project Design Focus on Content Knowledge and Skills


    Project Design Focus of PBL Image

    PBL Project Design Focus

    When designing a PBL Project, your focus is to teach students academic content area knowledge and skills drawn from district or state standards. Your project also focuses on building students’ ability to think critically, solve problems, collaborate, and communicate (3Cs), which are the 21st Century skills students need to prepare for life and work in today’s world, according to PBL in the Elementary Grades book.

    The book provides a project overview planning form. See below

    PBL Project Overview Form

    On the form, it indicates which standards and skills you are targeting for your project.

    Selecting Content Standards for Your Project

    You are good to go if you have come up with your project ideas by starting from your standards. It is important to remember to align your project with standards.

    Standards that are most important are called “priority standards” that are identify by your school or district you want to use as the focus for your project. Priority standards are often based on what items appear more frequently on state tests.

    If priority standards have not been identified, you can decide for yourself or with colleagues in your grade level what the priority standards are for the content areas included in the project.

    To Start the Alignment Process:

    First decide on the few standards that are most essential for meeting the goals of the project. It is not a good idea to try to include as many standards as possible in the project since students will ne spending so much time on it. Typically, a project should focus only 1 – 3 standards from each academic content area to be included, depending on how specific standards are written.

    If you try to include too many standards, you cannot teach them in any depth and assess them adequately.

    PBL in Elementary Grades book provides an 4th grade Curriculum Map with Projects as an example:

    4th grade Curriculum Map Image

    Another suggestion the book made is to use curriculum guides or scope and sequence documents that contain standards that are “unpacked” into discrete skills and pieces of knowledge. You can use this specific guidance to design project products, assessments, and lesson that align closely with the standards.

    Selecting 21st Century Skills

    Communication, collaboration, and critical thinking/problem solving are the three most important 21st century skills called the “3Cs”. According to PBL in Elementary Grades book these skills and several others are a natural fit with PBL. The book recommends not to assume students are gaining these skills because you designed a challenging project. These skills should be taught and assessed in a project.

    PBL in Elementary Grades book notes you only teach and assess two of the skills if this is your first project. One is oral communication (making presentation) because all projects include presenting to a public audience as an essential element. Presentation skills are called for in the Common Core Standards for English Language Arts, and they are straightforward to teach and assess.

    Collaboration or working in teams is the other skill that is easy to teach and assess. You probably are familiar with group work and cooperative learning, so you already have some basics tools in your toolbox.

    PBL in Elementary Grades book emphasizes the 3Cs are important for success in the 21st century, and that these skills can be taught and assessed in projects. See examples below:

    Collaboration

    • Take responsibility for the quality and timeliness of his or her own work; uses feedback; stays on task during group work.
    • Accepts shared responsibility for the work of the group; helps improve the quality of the work an understanding of other members.
    • Applies or encourages the use of strategies for facilitating discussion and decision making.
    • Manages project by identifying and prioritizing goals and tasks, creating timelines, organizing resources, and monitoring progress.
    • Respects the ideas, opinion, abilities, values, and feeling of other group members; Works well with diverse group members; Encourages group cohesion by using conflict management strategies.

    Communication (When making a presentation)

    • Organizes ideas and develops content appropriate to audiences and situations.
    • Uses effective oral presentation skills.
    • Create media/visual aids that enhance content delivery.
    • Gauges audience reaction and/or understanding and adjusts presentation appropriately.
    • Responds to questions appropriately.

    Critical Thinking/Problem Solving

    • Recognizes and defines problems accurately; raises relevant questions and issues, formulating them clearly and precisely.
    • Gathers pertinent information from a variety of sources; evaluates the quality of information (source, validity, bias).
    • Organizes, analyzes, and synthesizes information to develop well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, judging them against relevant criteria.
    • Considers alternatives; recognizes and assesses assumptions, implications, and practical consequences.

    College and Career Readiness Standards for English Language Arts: Speaking and Listening: Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas Continuum from Kindergarten to Fifth Grade. See Below:

    Hallermann, Sara; Larmer, John; Mergendoller PhD, John. PBL in the Elementary Grades: Step-by-Step Guidance, Tools and Tips for Standards-Focused K-5 Projects (p. 32). Buck Institute for Education. Kindle Edition.

    Teaching students how to think critically and solve problems is more challenging. These are complex skills that cut across several content areas, and most teachers only have experience with instruction that emphasizes factual and procedural knowledge. Assessing critical thinking/problem solving is also challenging, because it is not readily observable.

    Hallermann and Mergendoller suggest other skills might be encouraged in your project, but not explicitly taught and assessed — such as creativity or global awareness. If you’re ambitious, and it’s not your first project, you may wish to add more skills to your list of goals, such as project management, the use of various technological tools, and cross-cultural competence. These are all teachable and assessable. Note that if you want to teach multiple 21st century skills, your project will need to be longer, to build enough time during the project to practice and assess the skills.

    Hallermann, Sara; Larmer, John; Mergendoller PhD, John. PBL in the Elementary Grades: Step-by-Step Guidance, Tools and Tips for Standards-Focused K-5 Projects (p. 33). Buck Institute for Education. Kindle Edition.

    If this is your first PBL project, you might want to review First PBL Project Modest in Scope Achieve Best Results



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